All and all of

Before a noun with a determiner (e.g. articles, possessives and demonstratives), all and all of are both possible.

• All my friends like music. OR All of my friends like music.
• All the lights were out. OR All of the lights were out.

Before a noun with no determiner, we use all.

• All lights went out. (NOT All of lights went out.)
• All children love toys. (NOT All of children love toys)
• Not all birds can sing.
• I like all music. (NOT I like all of music.)

Before a pronoun, we use all of.

• All of us like riding. (NOT All us like riding.)
• All of them were present. (NOT All them were present.)

All and every

All is used with plural nouns.Every is used with singular nouns.

• All children can be difficult.
• Every child can be difficult.
• All lights were out.
• Every light was out.
• All religions teach the same morals.
• All paths lead to the same destination.

All and whole

All and whole have similar meanings. All is used in the structure: all (of) + determiner + noun.

Whole is used in the structure: determiner + whole + noun

• I spent the whole week at home.
• I spent all the week at home. OR I spent all of the week at home.